The maximum throughput is usb 2.0. Testing the productivity of new USB-hosts. Date of publication of USB standards

For hours they pro USB shipping-Controller zamislyuvatisya bulo not accepted. More precisely, in the stake of engineers and technomaniacs, the topic seemed to be discussed, but the simple ones didn’t bother to find out the necessary information about those who have a given tire a few versions. In general, the whole thing is quite reasonable - in fact, in the residual view, the standard for the production of moldings is in the region of the version of the specifics of 0.7. The very same "visoki parties" dwelled on the protocols of the robots of the large annexes and harshly divided them into two shvidkisnyh classes. The first (Low Speed) is assigned for the periphery, which is not more than 1.5 Mbps: mis, keyboard and all the same. Krym shvidkіsnogo obmezhennya, these attachments are also "not allowed" to often "nabridat" the bus controller to his presence (through the tse, before the speech, the nominal frequency of the USB-targets is 125 Hz, I want the bus to be allowed to trim up to 1 kHz). And for those who are very low-speed, but still more capable of throughput, the interface of the attachments has the meaning of "full-speed" mode with a speed of 12 Mb / s. Those three, obviously, but at the time of its appearance, it was a good result - to find an expensive SCSI in the same order of speed (5 Mbytes / s), and a lot of inexpensive new interfaces on the side of the bullet are simply not out of date. In principle, this kind of storage is sufficient for people of the categories of accumulators (MO, CD-ROM / R / RW for storage up to 6x, "old" media on the basis of flash memory), as well as the increased popularity of USB storage. The USB itself, scraps, I repeat, koristuvachev, not being consumed about the details of the implementation - all of them, especially, did not feed :)

For some of the rockets in the specifics of USB, the boules were still further supported, the version 1.0 was announced, and they tried it out in practice. Viyavilosya, really it was smoothly on the porch, and they forgot about the yari As a result, USB 1.0 has become a theoretical standard. Those who have gone into the field, after the fact, have been standardized for USB 1.1. Riznitsya in versions only in one - 1.0 theory, 1.1 those that have not been found;) So, if I add a phrase in the TTX about those that you see the specifics of 1.0, you can not think of 1.1 in your mind - on the way. Well, if there are no differences ... You can just talk about "USB-add-ons" and "USB-controllers": you won't be like anybody else.

Submitted development USB was not planned - the bus was so guilty of being lost to other low-speed attachments, and for high-speed devices, FireWire was slipped through. However, in the early 90s, Intel made the overtag turn and ... the FireWire was mitigated for great nutrition. What is more in tsyu bulo - to marketing abo technical features, Food okreme. I think it’s not a bargain, it’s spokiyno and the report will be discussed within the framework of the okremoy statti :) Danish moment Well to finish the story, now the USB bus has become a positioning and a masovy interface for high-speed peripherals. For the whole, within the framework of the USB 2.0 specification, the third speed mode is proprietary, and the High Speed ​​itself, with a theoretical throughput of 480 Mb / s. As far as realizing in practice went, then communism b, slyly, not instructing;), altogether it’s more fun for the virobniks and koristuvach;) lower by an order of magnitude: from 1 MB / s to approximately 15 MB / s. Even more uncomfortable rivals, moreover, practically unique within the framework of the computer industry - call me stuck with it, so that the technology possessed in the world of modern technology grew up to a few practical. One, with which it is possible to tweak - Ethernet, de-skinning the descent is equal to an order of magnitude in front of the front, but here it is even more. The first axis of the third moment was considered a rogue with the help of robotics.

I confess, I’m talking about the speed of “USB 2.0” and “USB 1.1” myself. Yak vypravdannya I can just say, I'm not the only one like that :) On the other hand, the standard just added one more shvidkіsny mode: bool two, became three. Moreover, with the aim of securing the madness, the rosters took the number of correct ones, a little more to the rogue's decision:

• Specification 2.0 has included 1.1. Apparently, be it a prejudice, as the first version of the specifics, it automatically becomes similar to the other. It's just that the new possibilities are not victorious.
• All outbuildings, insured for two young USB mode 2.0 new updates previous versions specificity. The simplest thing happened to Low Speed ​​- there was nothing that could not change and could not. The same at once Full Speed ​​also.
• And the axis of the HS-attachment clearly does not fit within the framework of the specifications 1.X. But for the sake of confusion, the old hosts made a decision, but in this case, the smell of guilt in the FS-attachment was taken into account, as the answer to the "native" mode is not available for some reason.
• Do not produce folds, the mode of supplying is all the same. I was surrounded by a Bula, yak and earlier, but the maximum speed is less. Minimal - tse even yak viyde. As a matter of fact, none of the virobniks of the "Full Speed" vipuskati are protected from the real speed of a hundred kilobytes / s or "High Speed" in the space of a megabyte-copy.

And what about all the filthy people? For example, appearing annexes, in the performance characteristics of some bulo it is stated about the "USB 2.0 Full Speed" driver. Obviously, the figure "2.0" in this vipad is not a marketing slack - Full Speed ​​is already rocking 10 yak Full Speed. And if you write two words in a custom font, the same as in some primitives, then you will find a zamanuha - "USB 2.0 pristіy". Zrozumilo, scho pratsyuє with absolutely the same shvidkіstyu, scho і "USB 1.1 pristіy". And then we can fix the problem about the "clean" and "unclean" USB 2.0 adapters. For some reason, it’s "honest", the axis is only mode rіznі;)

Ale, from the fourth point, the knowledge of the exact regime was of little use to Koristuvachev. In general, you can graze such HS, which in practice does not look like FS. And then turn point # 3, which, at once from # 4, giving us a whole set of standard attachments (he has the same trim in his hands), as in the "native" mode, the whole operation could be carried to HS, and when connected to the old, the hosts could see it not needed - within the framework of LS (hochas were put up to quiet classes of annexes, as in such a vikonanny, in principle, it is impossible).

And why can you just wave your hand at everything and continue living yak earlier? You can, ale no one wants. The fluidity of the mother's cob is value. In the first place, the vibor seemed to be so powerful. Well, really, for an hour of USB 1.1 panning, how can you vibrate? Mіzh 500 Kb / s і 1 Mbyte / s? So, my friend, slyly, twice as beautiful, the axis only, all the one most often went like this, which both appeared to be quick (for example, a flash card ought to be 32 MB to read / write to the area without a stopwatch, it’s a good deal), or it’s even worse for us (it’s not a big deal, but it’s not enough to look at the video from a famous DVD-player, which was left in that part and was not let go). The new shvidk_sny regime in another version of the specifics of the possibility of choosing the koristuvachs giving, with the Velmi Chimal. Shvidkosti robots and attachments of steel maternal order... At once there. And here, wait a minute, the cupuvati is already covered with more pristіy. That is far from being rational - the butt from the DVD will be shown. I started to navigate within the framework of the USB HS weekly. For example, on the "near" out-of-the-way Winchester with the speed of robots is close to 5 MB / s, the DVD-image will take about 15-30 minutes, and if you take your brother-in-law, there will be 5 Mbytes / s of robots in the area of ​​5 MB / s. -10 hilin. To see the rise, the second is not in the hands of the brothers :)

From the same time, speed has become a mother of significance. Іnshe nutrition, yak shvidk_st? Most of the possession can be delivered in a kolinno-littovo pose with incomplete software (the situation with Total Commander was also described, but I also do not know how to install Windows XP service packs; Speed), and a small portion of the free software security in our hour simply does not give up, the "real" speed of being attached to a computer at any moment is simply unhappy. It can be deprived of stverdzhuvati, shho matime yogo in the yaky interval. The minimum is clear - if the pristines are not lost, then there is zero. Maximum - an ideal vipadok: if everything is fine - і pristіy, і host, і programmatically secure, І nalashtuvannya OS, і іnshe іnchennya, in which pristіy pratsyuє. Vlasne, over the designation of the self maximum efficiency we call it and pratsyuєmo, and it itself won’t appear as a “wicked parameter” of all testuvans. Only one nuance is to correct the ideas of the very best in practice, in a neat and easy way. It is possible to normally adjust the "clean" operating systems and to register special test programs to improve software security. To put it simply - make it more foldable. As a demonstration of practice, to find specially "imprisoned" for the maximum possible performance of robotic tests and utilization in practice, use singing pardons. For example, how about talking about disk utilities That і at a time іtrychayuyutsya programs that work with blocks of data in 32 KB or less. All of this, however, is to show practical viprobuvannya, to the maximum speed of USB-storage, you can only repair it from blocks of 64 KB. The axis є is such a special feature in the tribute of the tire, and none of it can be broken. Niyak. The blocks are larger - the robustness of the robot is the same in not being deposited from one size to the other, but by the attachment, the smaller - the reason is to lay down to the size of the block stronger, lower through the cable. Moreover, Windows itself is normally working with 64 blocks of large bytes, so the results are "normal" in full, and the axis of value may be disregarded for the help of some improperly working tests of their programs (not showing with a finger), guess yourself. It’s especially fun to get started, if you’re going to be able to use these programs for the accumulation of small interfaces - like vrahuvati, for FireWire it’s a point є in size to a 16 KB block, and for ATA it’s even less. On the other hand, it’s “real”, and not synthetic software, it’s like it’s just because it’s small blocks, and for a newer it’s critical - the maximum speed, because it’s shown in tests, we simply don’t accept it (it’s worthwhile to eat). minds of real otochennya).

Garazd, admittedly, got into trouble with the software. Yak - for the moment it is not respectful. In the end-to-end for the occasional test, it’s worthwhile to get rid of it, and it’s exactly what was done in some minds (it’s pretty good for a new person, especially those results will be. Zagalom, the applied software is secured with a very "good", systemically adjusted by the optimal rank, etc. However, in this case, it is not possible to apriori stverdzhuvati, but as a result of testing it is easy and unimpeachable to maximize the flexibility of the annex. USB, as if it were a bus, there are two attachments, and the speed of the robot from both and to lay down - and from the attachment, and from the host of the bus. And the host axis will change. As I have already said yes, the first rozrobki allowed to reach 15-20 MB / s, technical progress allowing the increase in speed by about two times. However, it didn’t happen all at once, so, on the basis of the evolution of the “living nature”, your process doesn’t start in one straight line. As a result, for a given moment on the hands of koristuvachіv there is a masa of possession, letting in a stretch to reach the next hour, and a lot of characteristics. Yaki - without tests, it’s unimportant.

Testing the performance of robots USB-hosts in a foldable, lower testing the productivity of USB-attachments. In the last resort, we can simply fix the platform (after having passed the test configuration, so that the interconnecting injection of all components is minimal) and not minus it for a longer period of time. To protest on one stand I want 150 USB-attachments, so it’s possible to test unified drivers (it’s not so neat and tidy (it’s not smart): one plug-in, one test, a test host, one plug-in. day, polyagaє in the post-change of the test platforms. Moreover, if only one component is substituted, it is not easy to be implemented for "discrete" USB controllers, however, you cannot simply take and replace the internal chipset. As a rule, the processor is changing, it is not easy to install it RAM, Ta th BIOS settings new motherboards are also developed. Overhead vitrati for an hour on the same test may be more litter, lower on "zvychayne". However, you are interested in їm sense є, about a little bit of a feeling and test of possession - as it appears, with test results it is possible to fail in times of one specific computer(Yakiy and zastosovavsya for tests), if you have more widespread results on a sieve park of calculating technology is possible, then who needs the stench behind the great rakhunk? :)

The productivity of USB controllers, as they are FireWire siblings, I have seen a couple of times. However, it will take a long time to finish - for an hour. peripheral possession... The same is the same vuzke bulo vivchenich systems. Now we have instructed an hour to tweak the food more strongly.

Testing technique

Earlier, discard the results and allow a priori allowance, but the quick indicators can easily be found in the test utilities, operating systems, USB host controller, and, of course, outbuilding, Ale, please do not lie down from your possession. For that purpose, go to a variety of food, I will eat "from the opposite" - do not get magical, go as close as possible to the configuration of the stands. Let us have a development process, a development process of a development memory, a development system winchester - it is more beautiful. In ideals, it appears that the results are duplicated - do not let us have the same host and take part in tests in the warehouses of new chipsets on motherboards, which can be spontaneously processed by the processors of great productivity, or so (if it is obvious) Vtim, tse on the right maybutny. As soon as I am surrounded by a variety of different configurations of test computers, as will be described below.

The program is safe, lightly, but it’s the same - it’s exactly the same. As a test utility, I will be able to stop a gap by taking Lavalys Everest Ultimate Edition 2006 2.80, and, more precisely, to enter the test disk accumulators before this warehouse (as we are sure to be accurate, the version of this plugin is not available for a long time 2.00.28). minimum package version 2.80 and up to 3.50 inclusive). Z operating system power supply tezh vinyklo - Windows XP SP2 yak best Windows versions ;)).

Now about pristіy. A handful of people who wanted to take calls hard drive and the readability of the data from the buffer. The current USB-IDE bridges are unlikely to become a vuzhski this test do not vikoristovutsya, so on the result as if it will not be injected (for there will not be any more, but there will be no oskilki for all, the results can be tweaked one by one - pouring on them will be the same) - tse plus. There are three head minuses. In the first place, in this case, we can only accept the borderline functionality of the interface, but with less performance it can be something like specialness (theoretically). In other words, the whole thing is just one straight line - it’s not safe to write about it from a computer. By third, the Danish parameter is to reach synthetic, as і methods of yogo vimіryuvannya. That’s why I’m going to eat more simply - taking a card reader and three high-quality memory cards:

The Apacer Mega Steno AM230 model, as it was already crossed, when reading the tributes from one of them, it is practical to fit into the tire's liquidity. The answer is two more, a little more shy, and at the operations I will write down more, less test MMCplus. Apparently, in this case, we can accept the results and in the plan for the maximum readability, and estimate the inflow (for whatever the visibility) of the host with the smallest readings and for an hour access during operations such as writing. And then, wondering - as soon as you can see the results, you will be able to grow.

test configuration

Having come the hour to learn about it, at the first stage a reversal took place. On the diagrams for the economy of the month, I am surrounded by the numbers of the stands, so I will give an explanation of the main parameters here. At the same time, I will briefly describe - how to stop and get stuck (in general, it is possible to “swim” in the sea of ​​modern chips, etc.).

computer number 1

• ECS RS485 M-M based on ATI Radeon Xpress 1150 chipset (private RS485 and new SB460)
• AMD Athlon 64 X2 4600+
• 1 GB PC 6400 DDR2 SDRAM

The integration of the ATI Radeon X200 chipset immediately gained popularity due to the uniqueness (at that time) of the characteristics: it was detected by one of the first chipsets for the K8 line processors with the help of the PCI adapter. most hour It was a competitive pose for all platforms. Xpress 1150 th modification, protects also additional lease for boards cob ryvnya Like a vicious one, the chipset had a few strong competitors - more functional and productive ones - over the past hour. Ale, as the first place in the segment of budgetary solutions has fallen as a result of strong competition, then on the first day of ATI's view of the market, there is a lot of growth from the very top of the issue. In the main, they barked for the low functionality and productivity, including the most important component for us - the USB controller. For a long time, motherboard virobniks have bypassed the problem, the vicarists in the role of a companion of the Yuzhnik pivnik bridge from ULi, however, when the other company from NVIDIA, ATI was brought together to force the robot over the most powerful

computer number 2

• Sapphire Pure Element (PE-AM2RS485M) based on ATI Radeon Xpress 1150 chipset (private RS485 and new SB600)
• AMD Athlon 64 X2 4600+
• 1 GB PC 6400 DDR 2 SDRAM
• system winchester Samsung SP1213C

From the front stand, one should be deprived of two speeches - a specific motherboard feeder (however, it’s not a practical matter to infuse into the productivity of peripheral controllers), as the vicarious people of the new built bridge. Ostannіy by the specs viglyadaє tsіlkom vіdpovіdaє Suchasnyj rіvnyu, Troch postupayuchis for kіlkіstyu "shashechok" od the NVIDIA competitors, venture kіlka obganyayuchi Intel i VIA (vtіm, porіvnyuvati suchasnі chіpseti scho toil rіzne priznachennya i, vіdpovіdno, duzhe vіdrіznyaєtsya funktsіonalnіst dosit smoothly). And it’s productivity - we won’t be surprised at the practice.

computer number 3

• Gigabyte GA-8I945GMF based on Intel 945G chipset
• Intel Pentium 4 631
• 1 GB PC 5400 DDR 2 SDRAM
• system winchester Western Digital WD1200JS
• USB-controller: for insertion into the pivdenny mest of the chipset; 8 USB 2.0 ports

Typically, such a "robocha horse" based on a chipset with a hired on the current lines from Intel, which is an inexpensive processor, with an average number of memory and a small (already; for the happy little worlds) Winchester. Zagalom, an inexpensive mass computer in a clean view. For ігор, before speech, a lot of form can be misunderstood, only by replacing 945G with 945P and by installing a discrete video card, and for the office, once at a time. However, it’s not worth it - we’re just one thing at a time: the first place of ICH7.

computer number 4

• ASUS P5W DH Deluxe based on Intel 975X chipset (i975X MCH and ICH7R)
• Intel Core 2 Duo E6600
• 2 GB PC 6400 DDR2 SDRAM
• USB-controller: for insertion into the pivdenny mest of the chipset; 8 USB 2.0 ports

Today's day is not a top-notch solution, some of the most productive processors, but even closer to that. In fact, the new platforms are from Intel in a clean view. But at the same time, the first place in the chipset is identical to the one stuck in the front computer - ICH7R replaces ICH7. Officially, the magical letter "R" is injected only into the SATA controller - at the same time and is reversible.

computer # 5

• Gigabyte 965G-DS3 based on the Intel G965 chipset (G965 GMCH and ICH8)
• Intel Pentium 4 670
• 1 GB PC 5400 DDR2 SDRAM
• System Winchester Seagate ST3200822AS
• USB-controller: for insertion into the pivdenny mest of the chipset; 10 USB 2.0 ports

The chipset should be right up to the very "fresh" line from Intel. Especially tsіkaviy yakraz G965, which can be done "stick" the graphical core not on the іnсhoi functionality, but the discrete P965 will continue to gain popularity. Unimportant for those who have top decisions to guess the 975X, the new bridges in the chomus have surpassed it :) Pivdenny, albeit the axis of "plucks" in this type of USB is not all the same voltage plus the size of the splits in the correct , and the axis is on the visibility of the RATA ... As a result, unimportant to the news, it is relatively inexpensive and even more functional line of chipsets, a lot of those will, either for expensive top-ranked users, pay for 975X, or for budgetary ones, more for 945P / 945G. First of all, I would like to have one RATA channel, but I want it, which is often necessary and sufficient. I think it’s hard to get through the G965 + ICH7R calls;) those. We are yakraz tsіkavіshe, which was changing in ICH8 (as it was changing) in the same way with the front box.

computer # 6

• ASUS M2NPV-VM based on the NVIDIA GeForce 6150 chipset (the original GeForce 6150 and the new nForce 430)
• AMD Athlon 64 X2 3600+
• 1 GB PC 5400 DDR2 SDRAM
• system winchester Western Digital WD740GD
• USB-controller: for insertion into the pivdenny mest of the chipset; 8 USB 2.0 ports

Having added three respect to Intel platforms, turning to the tabor of AMD processors :) For some reason, pay much less far away from the chipset - the new line of GeForce 61x0 quickly became the ATI monopoly on how to integrate the graph into the platform. and complete functionality. In general, the fact that NVIDIA zoomed in on the first place of middling chipsets for AMD and on the other “in the back room” was due to the merit of these chipsets themselves. And now there is a USB controller, what kind of an hour will be a headache for the products of this company, more precisely, for those who have gone through all the stages - like the nightmare of the hours of nForce2 through the nForce3, do not wait for the nForce4 robots :)), z'yasuvati hour.

computer number 7

• EpoX 8 NPA SLI based on nForce4 SLI chipset (one-chip solution)
• AMD Athlon 64 3200+ (512K L2)
• 1 GB PC3200 DDR SDRAM
• system winchester Western Digital WD1600JS
• USB controller: plugging into the chipset; 10 USB 2.0 ports

There is especially nothing to come up with - more configuration is given by a standard test bench for USB drives. Over the course of an hour or so, there were indications of the lack of (say so) the confusion of the given controller with the controllers of the annexes, the problem, for the most part, is not so frequent. For every development in this test, the card reader does not have any problems with such problems until, well, quite a lot, and it zoomed in and out.

computer number 8

• PC Partner A3MSA-275U based on ATI A3 chipset
• AMD Duron 1600
• 512 MB PC2100 DDR SDRAM
• system winchester Samsung SP0812N
• USB controller: VIA VT6214L to an additional PCI adapter; 4 USB port 2.0

ATI went off - ATI and finally :) For most of our readers, the chipsets of the whole company were honored with the Radeon 9100 IGP, and the more early A3 and A4 axis (for K7 and P4 apparently) were practically uncommon. And it became so "zaddyak" that, which did not take the first notice of the company and the large number of motherboards. On the A3, for example, I especially like all three identical one to one pay, on A4 - one pay. And Skoda - chipsets at that time little needed and sufficient for greater functionality, the video core (based on the Radeon 7000) did not show miracles in the games, but it didn’t give a lot of money, the quality of 2 D is just a matter of fact for that hour. All boards for the presence of TV-outputs, but for discrete video cards still have not become a standard feature. You can also add the "Nordic character" of the chipset - for me, for example, I have to work without a single radiator, not even talking about the fans, they can be perfectly tolerated and forced to navigate with a strong 3D-igor installed in the viewer! For all that, at the same time, more primitive i440BX has become more primitive for a bit of rocky before the radio operator is practically installed, and on new chipsets it is not very fast and cold;) - for a kind of storage, the chipsets went practically ideally.

However, it will not be possible to confront one another, but the platform is shamelessly outdated on this day. I do know, but I’m going to be worn out from the upgrade. It’s just that it’s just that there’s nothing to be done here (except for the well-written, before the speech, in the machine’s presence there is also an AGP video card based on the X700 Pro), so what if we try to modernize the villas to totally replace it. So, in an amicable way, you can buy a new motherboard, processor, memory and video card. Moreover, in order that the classic situation did not come out, the situation was changed to a nice one, the choice of the budget solution itself is not going to be, so it’s about 300 dollars (it’s logical - by the way new computer, In every form of the old, only the corps, winchester, sound cardі DVD-RW), and more beautifully. It’s impossible to say that it’s still terrible pennies, however, I don’t want to see it - the computer copes with its own regulations. Postupovo has stopped, so the upgrade is not far off, but here it is already "thank you" 3D-igor: the remaining masterpieces are just not enough for sense to start, and not soon come back. Even if the games are not overwhelmed (because they are not overwhelmed by the productivity of the computer, but there are such a lot), then the incentives to globally upgrade the quota and add to the confi-gration didn’t think about the winners of such a computer. If the axis is reconciled with a common robot with USB drives, I don’t want to do it anymore, it’s more, but the price of a power supply is about three hundred, or even rubles - these PCI adapters are often available for sale;)

What is VT6214 itself? For all the knowledge it will take three turns to history. At the stage of the transition period from USB 1.1 to 2.0, PCI adapters were actively developed on the market on chips from NEC, ALi and VT6202 from VIA. Their zeal, and the very protection of the impatient creepers themselves with the Hi Speed ​​podtrimkoy to master the new specifics of the virobniks of the chipsets, they smelled, and not more than that, they tried to finish it all over the place. Over the years, the relevance of the computers changed, two companies went out of the market, and VIA went viral, because the market did not become so small (the computers were “morally old” of the unreasonably practical sense of thinking, but it wasn’t just test configuration, Not even thinking about laptops, the term of life, which calls out more than these solutions), so it is possible to do more things. A selection of VT6212 boosters that can be seen from VT6202 to improve the speed of robots - the productivity on the part of the network USB controller in VIA itself has been impressed. The last available and modified versions are VT6214. From the point of view USB support wines are equivalent to the front chip, but the robot is fed into the warehouse of the combined boards (velmy is brown, some of the "clean" USB controllers have become less relevant). So, for example, in this case, in this case, in this case of a series of chips є with VT6306, I will not be able to support three FireWire ports - this is a great option, especially since I only need one PCI slot. Bachiv I and Combined USB controllers+ SATA + PATA, as well as USB + FW + Ethernet, motivated on the basis of VT6214 and more than one or two chips from VIA. Among the virobniks of new adapters, gain some popularity, some of the problems of confusion, as a rule, do not boom (some of the same company, like about everything, and was good for everything). For me, the most talented VIA supervisors can compete for the speed with the modern solutions - 6202 people of the same age didn’t. If we are not called to be able to, then there are so many great things to do.

Leave it all. Reason, that the list is enough to finish the cuts - one look is enough, the mind is bright, but it is not possible to end up with something rich in a new one. For example, the guessed controller is from NEC - or else I am writing about those who are not very productive of yogh bull, but I will deceive you? :) There are also no "fresh and hot" chipsets themselves, NVIDIA 500 and 600 series for AMD and Intel processors, and since Intel does not have much older, a little more advanced solutions, such as ICH5. Otherwise, everything can be built up and down - in the process of accumulating results. Golovne I want b to reconsider - є sense їkh accumulate, abo, yak bulo in advertizing, all if the same :)

Test results

Test for reading

Like at ATI's address sounded not for nothing - the company's old performances cannot boast of efficient performance indicators. Navigate up to 15 MB / s, the bandwidth is too low. As a matter of principle, a budget computer (and for those who do not pay any more and do not know that they know) it is unlikely that there will be great respect for the extremal accumulation of flash memory, the protest of the call in the center is there average performance has long overturned the powers of the controller. At the same hour, the new emerging place is already "decently behaved," but they show results that are more than average, but even more than a trifle - without tests they will not be able to make a difference in practice.

Behind the back side of the ICH8 and nForce4. Some of them are more beautiful, and some better say it neatly - the maximum flexibility was achieved on the first, and on the other axis, the CompactFlash card was more readable on the other. So, it’s like that - and in different platforms it can be seen that the speed doesn’t occur only in the same way, if the stench creeps into the host's clutter. Lay the floorboards with a group of platforms. In the meantime, the leader among them is smart to respect ICH7 / ICH7R (given a part of the test, it showed that the USB controller in these bridges is equivalent - a difference of less than 0.5% on the read MMCplus, but it’s more clever, it’s easy to see that it’s okay, it’s obvious that there’s no reason.) lower, lower at whether there are competitors, ale the growth of Ukraine is not great, so it is possible and zechtuvati.

The results of VT6214 were very pleasing - the stench is effective on good level. Navit is even better. So it’s just the one that you don’t look at in the old computer (and maybe not in the old one - the results of ATI with the old new bridge are better;)) the USB 2.0 interface is normal, you don’t need to save my mother’s storage bags from the tight boards, etc. - there is one PCI slot, but the problem can be violated at an inexpensive price.

I respect that it is more than once indicated by me in the articles - to visit one of the common host, which will intertwine the speed, the greater the speed, which is the rule that the rule is better than the larger one. The position of the three test cards does not change for sure one thing - the quality of the product, the quality of the media, or MMC in this test, depending on the first mix, SD on the other, and CF on the third. Navigate at the same time as SB460, which is a disadvantage for one of the victorious cards.

An hour of access to the first room is to start with a memory card, in a friend with a card reader, and injecting the host є, albeit a little. You can award the nForce4 override, you can not award anyone - high extremal benchers are fighting for a skin 0.01% result (win in tests, if the test is more than 1%;)), I also didn’t bet. In the obvious numbered difference between the ages of the past and the chimala, in the absolute price of today, in practice it is important to understand :)

Testimony on record

I will write down the movies in the flash memory at the bottom, lower the speed of reading, and browse like the brothers of the best pictures. A small nose (from the big mensh of the mass), the building "vibrates" for 20 MB / s, but, as they did it, the quick messages between the hosts will fix themselves in the area of ​​30 MB / s (for some reason). Ale the difference is still є, and why shouldn't I think I shouldn't take the SB460, as if I was smart enough to navigate everything in the MMCplus picture, formally, it was not reached for new visibility when I read it (after all, I didn’t correctly put obmezhuvatisya one deprivation of peak speed reading from the buffer). Navigate in those who are in the same category up to 10% of the difference, which is not so little. There will be an increase in the amount of money accumulated in the future - there will be a growth and the development of new buildings from large brothers-in-arms.

On a special note of merit, the ICH7R has been introduced as a more simple ICH7 (before the speech, do not marvel at a more tough processor and a large amount of memory - I will accurately refer to the USB power supply, you can start the controllability of posture. And it’s not so small - NVIDIA, for example, has two chipsets in the small world. As soon as I have a special problem, it’s better to rely not on the possession, but on the security software: the need for a greater functionality of the SATA controller must be produced before the USB comes with a smaller input. In the future, we will try to protest and bet from the “extravagant” and “extended” bridge of the same line, but it’s important - the behavior of all R-modifications is powerfully similar, but maybe we do not want to wait. Converting it to the competition all the same does not come, some of Intel's only ones are not allowed to take part in the market, but NVIDIA, as it is necessary for the network of functional functionalities, doesn’t seem to be able to “form” the RAID functionality.

As soon as an hour of access is required on operations to record, it is good to see that, in the case of an analogous parameter for operations of reading an important bullet, the absolute difference is not great, less is more important - here the axis of itself is more important than they are most often Zagalom, in a small place, at my glance, at the visibility in the hour of access during operations, reading and writing is possible and simply not beastly respect.

New "papugi" from our laboratory

So the lyudin has already been vlashtovannaya, how to get to the bottom of the numbers, yomu ring out the line. Inodi is not lin - it’s because it’s about hobbies, but when it’s dumb, then it’s lin. Look and hope at the end of the line in the direction of the universal test of productivity, which, when launching on any computer, see one number that unambiguously characterizes its productivity, and love to utilities, as the component is damaged by the same to maturity. Well - especially for lovers of a different kind of ratings, I will introduce another one: rating of the USB controller technology. Moreover, let's forgive and in an uncomplicated way:

• Vidkidaєmo test results for an hour of access, but not
• We have three books for reading and three books for writing - in the middle geometric in six points
• The norm is the result, having taken for a hundred one unit "average performance" VIA VT6214 (well, no one is smartly - a call controller, so you can be victorious in any way)

Tell me about the shortcomings of this technique, I don’t need it - I know it anyway :) few people to cicavit. At the same time, I can deprive you of the fact that there are high-quality outbuildings and earlier not so much, and the low-speed old ones are smaller, but all one thing is going on, everything is new, so the emphasis is on the middle-class ones to reach the senses. And there are few supporting points, and even more "average" go - do not want to be so;) great number readers, engaged in the improvement of the methodology їх pіdrakhunku, don’t - don’t let it go and get overwhelmed. Yak want to be happy;) And vikoristovuvati in yogo role maximum speed, in my opinion, better - yak mi bachimo, it’s not just won’t.

Otzhe, the axis of me has gone. Simply, on purpose, і, on the smallest of similar information, it’s okay to navigate in such a view;)

At once

They have changed, they have changed, they will be able to take care of a USB-host, without having to pour it into the functionality of USB-attachments. However, in order to establish the fact, it is not necessary to navigate the city of the city - and without that it is clear that the pressure is guilty. It’s not enough food in the size of the poured, and the axis here is already earlier than the actual material, but it’s not enough, so the robot can be filled with cinnamon. Someone. Someone is dumb, it’s pretty good to see, but in general, without storing it, it’s practically unhappy to find a difference between more and more happy hosts. Navigate in different outbuildings, buildings USB bus vikladatisya "on the other hand" the distribution of "good" hosts is not so great. And for the "average statistical spherical corystuvach in a vacuum", which requires some photographs from the CFC on the computer, upload music to the player, that singing number of working files on the flash drive, transfer them with a booth and robotically see4 Zayva Khvilina -insha on the day of vitrachena bude. More important in the large number of types of ports and the number of adaptable ports (as well as not folding constructions for any hubs or similar ones), the same is normal with small outbuildings. Most people, but not all. So if you are not ready to compromise - get the results. And for the next hour, there are also newer chipsets, including mobile ones.

USB (eng. Universal serial Bus - "universal last bus") - last data transmission interface for medium and low-speed peripheral attachments in computing technology.

The USB cable is stored from 4 midwife providers - 2 food guides and 2 guides for twisting pairs, and grounded wrapping / screen.

The bus is strictly ordered; mother's pay) I "peripheral attachments". The bus has a tree-like topology, some of the peripheral attachments can be rozgaluzhuvach (hub), in its own right there are a few low-rise roses "from the host". Connecting 2 computers - or 2 peripheral attachments - with a passive USB cable is unfortunate. to run active USB cables for connecting 2 computers, ale the stench include a foldable electronics, an Ethernet adapter, and driver installation from both sides.

Attachments can be powered from the bus, but can be powered from the bus, but can be powered from the bus, but can be powered from the bus, but can be powered from the bus. The service mode is adopted for attachments and splitters on the command from the bus from the knowledge of the main supply while saving the service on the command from the bus.

USB is hotter plug-in and plug-in. The price has been reached with an increase in the amount of grounding contact of the rose, according to the issue, to the signal ones. when connected rose mu USB The first to lock up the grounding contacts, the potential of the housings in the two outbuildings will rise, and not to cause overvoltages to the signal conductors further away, so that it is possible to adapt to live in the new phase of the power three-phase circuit.

> USB 2.0

The specifics were released in the 2000 rock band. USB 2.0 adapts to USB 1.1 introduced to Hi-speed mode.

for USB attachments 2.0, there are three robot modes:

Low-speed, 10-1500 Kbit / s

Full-speed, 0.5-12 Mb / s (audio, video)

Hi-speed, 25-480 Mb / s

> USB 3.0

The new standard by an order of magnitude has surpassed the 480 Mb / s boundary for USB 2.0, setting the bar for the theoretical maximum transmission speed at the later 4.8 Gb / s. Naturally, it is obvious that it is because the real productivity will be three times lower than stated. Prior to that, the USB 3.0 controllers did not know much about it, and it is unlikely that, with a commercial start, the potential of the technology will increase. Protest, іsnyuchі already throughout the year, reach the general characteristics. For example, a 27 GB HD movie can be copied on a 3.2 GB / s bandwidth, but more than a bottleneck, for USB 2.0, 15 minutes are required for the newest sinks.

On the front of the front-end implementation of the interface, in which one operation is deprived of one operation, USB 3.0 can be read and written in two straight lines. The price has been reached for the pair of SuperSpeed ​​video lines for transmission, as well as for receiving money. In such a rank, the number of channels has grown from that of USB 2.0 to nine, which will encircle the land of USB 3.0.

In addition, it has developed the Universal Serial Bus robot protocol. If I want to understand the "host" and "client" have become overpowered; Even earlier, the host, in the transmission of the transmissions given by the system, has continuously supplied the client with an uninterrupted power supply, now it receives a special signal on the cob for the process of being connected to the add-on itself.

There is a new signaling scheme, about how there is something, transferring also those that, when there is activity of the client's annexes, the controller will no longer be able to, if he can, feed on the noise necessary for the transmission of traffic, vitrachati will use the energy. Also, the minimum possible for a robot has been reduced from 4.4 V to 4.0 V. From the side, from 500 mA to 900 mA, the threshold of the maximum allowable stream has been increased, so that it can be passed by the bus, so that the number of changes in the range of permissible perimeters is increased. new life... Yak bonus can be used for more charging mobile annexes, Batteries that can receive power via USB.

Available newer attachments, designated for the USB 2.0 standard, will function without problems with controllers for 3.0 and navpaks. Apparently, for the achievement of high quality transmissions, it will be necessary to register not only a specific controller, but a specific attachment at once with a specific cable. I will attach a 2.0 plug to the 3.0 port, or 3.0 I will attach it to the 2.0 port, to provide a standard for USB of another generation of productivity.

On the very cob of the rosette, it was used to preserve the vibrant confusion of the interface with its companion, and the rose itself is not physically conceived of serious snags - a form of contact that is necessary for USB 2.0, saved in the old world. Now, you can connect to SuperSpeed ​​video feeds so that you can stick with the contact maidans only when connected via USB 3.0

In order to distribute contacts of children USB version to be safe, you need to continue the connections and roses. Also, through the increased number of wires, the USB 3.0 cable will be connected to the Ethernet cable.

USB 3.0 is actually faster than 2.0. Obviously, it didn’t reach a tenfold increase, but here the tire itself is not guilty: it’s not enough to leave the outbuildings on practical building blocks at 100% of the peak throughput capacity of 5 Gb / s. It’s not a fact that we’ll be able to live by the closest hour. However, the manifestation of such a small reserve on the maybut is itself by its very own, very corny and very good, straightforward, but the tire is not old in the most popular rock. It’s more important to know that ... in the best of rock and mass, victoriousness will not be honored.